Letter to the Editor

Everything will be OK because 6G is now in testing and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) are developing Standards for the Nano Networks. This technology will allow Coordinates and Routers for Nano-systems (CORONA) to be used to provide personal health care services to millions. Professor Ian F. Akyildiz is leading the research in these areas.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2010.04.001

Ian F. Akyildiz received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Engineering from the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany, in 1978, 1981 and 1984, respectively. Currently, he is the Ken Byers Chair Professor with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, the Director of the Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory and the Chair of the Telecommunication Group at Georgia Tech.

Population aging is affecting many sectors of society, including healthcare, infrastructure, social protection, as well as family structures. The continuous growth in population aging requires the proliferation of medical and healthcare resources. In this era, where increased healthcare service requirements are pushing the current hospital system beyond its limits, the emergence of nanotechnology has led to great advances in healthcare and medicines. For example, Intrabody Nanonetworks (IBN) are composed of nanosensors that have tremendous potential to enable cellular level monitoring and precision in drug delivery and diagnosis.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1084804521000813

Nanotechnology is the crucial driving force behind the development of IBN that use nanosensors. Miniature size nanosensors have excellent electronic properties that include low interaction with body tissues to obtain fine-grained data from specific anatomical areas for monitoring and diagnosis purposes (Yang and Webster, 2011).

In particular, electrochemical nanosensors achieve reliable solutions during significant trials of glucose monitoring; for instance, clinically approved in-vivo glucose monitoring systems are able to provide efficient diabetes care and management (Heo and Takeuchi, 2013). Moreover, the involvement of optical nanosensors in advanced healthcare applications improves cancer biology applications in terms of high specificity and early detection of small numbers of leukemia cells (Shi et al., 2011). Similarly, the monitoring of cancer biomarkers and human chorionic gonadotrophin are prominent contributions brought by magnetic resonance nanosensor (Agrawal and Prajapati, 2012; Eckert et al., 2013). Table 1 further demonstrates how IBN, characterized by nanosensors in various applications, are significantly improving the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of many nanomedicine applications. However, advances in nanomedicine applications require addressing the implied limitation of the communication medium and implanted nanosensors.

The realization of an efficient communication protocol for IBN can further broaden the application range of IBN from intrabody health monitoring to drug delivery systems. However, designing routing protocols for IBN is severely challenged due to nanosensors’ energy, topology unawareness, storage, and computational limitations. In addition to these constraints, nanosensors’ communications in the biological medium using EM waves also lead to several fundamental challenges such as molecular absorption in the THz band (Akyildiz and Jornet, 2010; Akyildiz et al., 2014)

From David

Victoria

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